diff --git a/internal/printer/driver.go b/internal/printer/driver.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dd5362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/printer/driver.go
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package printer
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"image"
+	"math"
+)
+
+// PrinterDriver is the interface all label printer implementations must satisfy.
+// The PRT Qutie driver, mock driver, and any future printer use this interface.
+type PrinterDriver interface {
+	// Connect opens the connection to the printer. Must be called before Print.
+	Connect() error
+	// Print sends a rendered label bitmap to the printer.
+	// bitmap is raw 1-bit packed row-major data from ImageToRawBitmap.
+	Print(bitmap []byte, width, height int) error
+	// Disconnect closes the connection.
+	Disconnect() error
+}
+
+var (
+	// ErrNoDevice is returned when no printer matching the VID/PID is found.
+	ErrNoDevice = errors.New("printer: no device found matching VID/PID")
+	// ErrNotConnected is returned when Print is called before Connect.
+	ErrNotConnected = errors.New("printer: not connected")
+	// ErrEmptyBitmap is returned when an empty or nil bitmap is passed to Print.
+	ErrEmptyBitmap = errors.New("printer: bitmap is empty")
+)
+
+// ImageToRawBitmap converts an image.Image to 1-bit packed row-major bitmap.
+// White pixels → 0, dark pixels → 1. Returns bytes, width, and height.
+func ImageToRawBitmap(img image.Image) ([]byte, int, int) {
+	b := img.Bounds()
+	w, h := b.Max.X-b.Min.X, b.Max.Y-b.Min.Y
+	rowBytes := int(math.Ceil(float64(w) / 8.0))
+	out := make([]byte, rowBytes*h)
+	for y := 0; y < h; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < w; x++ {
+			r, g, bv, _ := img.At(b.Min.X+x, b.Min.Y+y).RGBA()
+			// Luminance: pixel is dark if average < 50% of max (0xffff).
+			lum := (r + g + bv) / 3
+			if lum < 0x7fff {
+				byteIdx := y*rowBytes + x/8
+				out[byteIdx] |= 1 << (7 - uint(x%8))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return out, w, h
+}
diff --git a/internal/printer/mock_driver.go b/internal/printer/mock_driver.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1dde63e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/printer/mock_driver.go
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package printer
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/color"
+	"image/png"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// MockDriver implements PrinterDriver for testing and development.
+// Print() saves a PNG to SaveDir (default /tmp) and logs to stdout.
+// No hardware required — use this as the default driver until PRT Qutie arrives.
+type MockDriver struct {
+	connected bool
+	// SaveDir is the directory where label PNGs are written.
+	// Defaults to /tmp. Override in tests to use t.TempDir().
+	SaveDir string
+}
+
+// NewMockDriver creates a MockDriver that saves PNGs to /tmp.
+func NewMockDriver() *MockDriver {
+	return &MockDriver{SaveDir: "/tmp"}
+}
+
+// Connect marks the driver as connected.
+func (m *MockDriver) Connect() error {
+	m.connected = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Disconnect marks the driver as disconnected.
+func (m *MockDriver) Disconnect() error {
+	m.connected = false
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Print reconstructs the label image from the 1-bit bitmap and saves it as a PNG.
+// Returns ErrEmptyBitmap if bitmap is nil or empty.
+func (m *MockDriver) Print(bitmap []byte, width, height int) error {
+	if len(bitmap) == 0 {
+		return ErrEmptyBitmap
+	}
+
+	// Reconstruct image from 1-bit packed bitmap for visual inspection.
+	img := image.NewGray(image.Rect(0, 0, width, height))
+	rowBytes := (width + 7) / 8
+	for y := 0; y < height; y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < width; x++ {
+			byteIdx := y*rowBytes + x/8
+			bit := (bitmap[byteIdx] >> (7 - uint(x%8))) & 1
+			if bit == 1 {
+				img.SetGray(x, y, color.Gray{Y: 0})
+			} else {
+				img.SetGray(x, y, color.Gray{Y: 255})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	path := fmt.Sprintf("%s/hwlab-label-%d.png", m.SaveDir, time.Now().UnixMilli())
+	f, err := os.Create(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("printer: mock create file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	if err := png.Encode(f, img); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("printer: mock encode PNG: %w", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("[MockDriver] label saved → %s (%dx%d)\n", path, width, height)
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/internal/printer/prt_qutie.go b/internal/printer/prt_qutie.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..573c7b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/printer/prt_qutie.go
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package printer
+
+import (
+	"go.bug.st/serial"
+)
+
+// PrtQutieDriver implements PrinterDriver for the PRT Qutie thermal printer.
+//
+// Protocol: UNKNOWN — reverse engineering required after hardware arrival 2026-04-13.
+//
+// TODO(hardware): Replace the stub Print() with real ESC/POS or PRT Qutie commands
+// after capturing USB traffic with Wireshark on hardware arrival day.
+// Reference: https://atctwo.net/posts/2024/07/16/thermal-printer.html
+type PrtQutieDriver struct {
+	portPath string     // resolved at Connect() time
+	port     serial.Port
+	baudRate int
+}
+
+// NewPrtQutieDriver creates a stub driver. portPath is resolved at Connect() via
+// USB Manager VID/PID enumeration. baudRate 0 defaults to 9600.
+func NewPrtQutieDriver(baudRate int) *PrtQutieDriver {
+	if baudRate == 0 {
+		baudRate = 9600
+	}
+	return &PrtQutieDriver{baudRate: baudRate}
+}
+
+// Connect attempts to find and open the PRT Qutie serial port.
+// Currently returns ErrNoDevice — real port resolution requires hardware.
+//
+// TODO(hardware): Resolve portPath via serial.GetPortsList() + system_profiler VID/PID
+// cross-reference, then open the port with serial.Open().
+func (d *PrtQutieDriver) Connect() error {
+	// Stub: return ErrNoDevice so callers can detect missing hardware gracefully.
+	// Real implementation: enumerate ports, match VID:PID 0525:a4a7, open port.
+	return ErrNoDevice
+}
+
+// Print sends label bitmap to the printer.
+// Returns ErrNotConnected if Connect() has not been successfully called.
+//
+// TODO(hardware): Implement PRT Qutie print protocol — likely a binary
+// command sequence (ESC/POS or proprietary). Capture with Wireshark.
+func (d *PrtQutieDriver) Print(bitmap []byte, width, height int) error {
+	if d.port == nil {
+		return ErrNotConnected
+	}
+	// TODO(hardware): implement PRT Qutie print protocol
+	_ = bitmap
+	_ = width
+	_ = height
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Disconnect closes the serial port if open.
+func (d *PrtQutieDriver) Disconnect() error {
+	if d.port != nil {
+		err := d.port.Close()
+		d.port = nil
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}