diff --git a/doc/DEVELOPING.md b/doc/DEVELOPING.md
index 7864b90e..97f70086 100644
--- a/doc/DEVELOPING.md
+++ b/doc/DEVELOPING.md
@@ -39,6 +39,15 @@ This starts:
 
 `pnpm dev` runs the server in watch mode and restarts on changes from workspace packages (including adapter packages). Use `pnpm dev:once` to run without file watching.
 
+`pnpm dev` and `pnpm dev:once` are now idempotent for the current repo and instance: if the matching Paperclip dev runner is already alive, Paperclip reports the existing process instead of starting a duplicate.
+
+Inspect or stop the current repo's managed dev runner:
+
+```sh
+pnpm dev:list
+pnpm dev:stop
+```
+
 `pnpm dev:once` now tracks backend-relevant file changes and pending migrations. When the current boot is stale, the board UI shows a `Restart required` banner. You can also enable guarded auto-restart in `Instance Settings > Experimental`, which waits for queued/running local agent runs to finish before restarting the dev server.
 
 Tailscale/private-auth dev mode:
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 749cc8d0..d7718aa3 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
-    "dev": "node scripts/dev-runner.mjs watch",
-    "dev:watch": "node scripts/dev-runner.mjs watch",
-    "dev:once": "node scripts/dev-runner.mjs dev",
+    "dev": "pnpm --filter @paperclipai/server exec tsx ../scripts/dev-runner.ts watch",
+    "dev:watch": "pnpm --filter @paperclipai/server exec tsx ../scripts/dev-runner.ts watch",
+    "dev:once": "pnpm --filter @paperclipai/server exec tsx ../scripts/dev-runner.ts dev",
+    "dev:list": "pnpm --filter @paperclipai/server exec tsx ../scripts/dev-service.ts list",
+    "dev:stop": "pnpm --filter @paperclipai/server exec tsx ../scripts/dev-service.ts stop",
     "dev:server": "pnpm --filter @paperclipai/server dev",
     "dev:ui": "pnpm --filter @paperclipai/ui dev",
     "build": "pnpm -r build",
diff --git a/scripts/dev-runner.ts b/scripts/dev-runner.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4ee46395
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/dev-runner.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,656 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env -S node --import tsx
+import { spawn } from "node:child_process";
+import { existsSync, mkdirSync, readdirSync, rmSync, statSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import path from "node:path";
+import { createInterface } from "node:readline/promises";
+import { stdin, stdout } from "node:process";
+import { shouldTrackDevServerPath } from "./dev-runner-paths.mjs";
+import { createDevServiceIdentity, repoRoot } from "./dev-service-profile.ts";
+import {
+  findAdoptableLocalService,
+  removeLocalServiceRegistryRecord,
+  touchLocalServiceRegistryRecord,
+  writeLocalServiceRegistryRecord,
+} from "../server/src/services/local-service-supervisor.ts";
+
+const mode = process.argv[2] === "watch" ? "watch" : "dev";
+const cliArgs = process.argv.slice(3);
+const scanIntervalMs = 1500;
+const autoRestartPollIntervalMs = 2500;
+const gracefulShutdownTimeoutMs = 10_000;
+const changedPathSampleLimit = 5;
+const devServerStatusFilePath = path.join(repoRoot, ".paperclip", "dev-server-status.json");
+
+const watchedDirectories = [
+  "cli",
+  "scripts",
+  "server",
+  "packages/adapter-utils",
+  "packages/adapters",
+  "packages/db",
+  "packages/plugins/sdk",
+  "packages/shared",
+].map((relativePath) => path.join(repoRoot, relativePath));
+
+const watchedFiles = [
+  ".env",
+  "package.json",
+  "pnpm-workspace.yaml",
+  "tsconfig.base.json",
+  "tsconfig.json",
+  "vitest.config.ts",
+].map((relativePath) => path.join(repoRoot, relativePath));
+
+const ignoredDirectoryNames = new Set([
+  ".git",
+  ".turbo",
+  ".vite",
+  "coverage",
+  "dist",
+  "node_modules",
+  "ui-dist",
+]);
+
+const ignoredRelativePaths = new Set([
+  ".paperclip/dev-server-status.json",
+]);
+
+const tailscaleAuthFlagNames = new Set([
+  "--tailscale-auth",
+  "--authenticated-private",
+]);
+
+let tailscaleAuth = false;
+const forwardedArgs: string[] = [];
+
+for (const arg of cliArgs) {
+  if (tailscaleAuthFlagNames.has(arg)) {
+    tailscaleAuth = true;
+    continue;
+  }
+  forwardedArgs.push(arg);
+}
+
+if (process.env.npm_config_tailscale_auth === "true") {
+  tailscaleAuth = true;
+}
+if (process.env.npm_config_authenticated_private === "true") {
+  tailscaleAuth = true;
+}
+
+const env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = {
+  ...process.env,
+  PAPERCLIP_UI_DEV_MIDDLEWARE: "true",
+};
+
+if (mode === "dev") {
+  env.PAPERCLIP_DEV_SERVER_STATUS_FILE = devServerStatusFilePath;
+}
+
+if (mode === "watch") {
+  env.PAPERCLIP_MIGRATION_PROMPT ??= "never";
+  env.PAPERCLIP_MIGRATION_AUTO_APPLY ??= "true";
+}
+
+if (tailscaleAuth) {
+  env.PAPERCLIP_DEPLOYMENT_MODE = "authenticated";
+  env.PAPERCLIP_DEPLOYMENT_EXPOSURE = "private";
+  env.PAPERCLIP_AUTH_BASE_URL_MODE = "auto";
+  env.HOST = "0.0.0.0";
+  console.log("[paperclip] dev mode: authenticated/private (tailscale-friendly) on 0.0.0.0");
+} else {
+  console.log("[paperclip] dev mode: local_trusted (default)");
+}
+
+const serverPort = Number.parseInt(env.PORT ?? process.env.PORT ?? "3100", 10) || 3100;
+const devService = createDevServiceIdentity({
+  mode,
+  forwardedArgs,
+  tailscaleAuth,
+  port: serverPort,
+});
+
+const existingRunner = await findAdoptableLocalService({
+  serviceKey: devService.serviceKey,
+  cwd: repoRoot,
+  envFingerprint: devService.envFingerprint,
+  port: serverPort,
+});
+if (existingRunner) {
+  console.log(
+    `[paperclip] ${devService.serviceName} already running (pid ${existingRunner.pid}${typeof existingRunner.metadata?.childPid === "number" ? `, child ${existingRunner.metadata.childPid}` : ""})`,
+  );
+  process.exit(0);
+}
+
+const pnpmBin = process.platform === "win32" ? "pnpm.cmd" : "pnpm";
+let previousSnapshot = collectWatchedSnapshot();
+let dirtyPaths = new Set<string>();
+let pendingMigrations: string[] = [];
+let lastChangedAt: string | null = null;
+let lastRestartAt: string | null = null;
+let scanInFlight = false;
+let restartInFlight = false;
+let shuttingDown = false;
+let childExitWasExpected = false;
+let child: ReturnType<typeof spawn> | null = null;
+let childExitPromise: Promise<{ code: number; signal: NodeJS.Signals | null }> | null = null;
+let scanTimer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
+let autoRestartTimer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
+
+function toError(error: unknown, context = "Dev runner command failed") {
+  if (error instanceof Error) return error;
+  if (error === undefined) return new Error(context);
+  if (typeof error === "string") return new Error(`${context}: ${error}`);
+
+  try {
+    return new Error(`${context}: ${JSON.stringify(error)}`);
+  } catch {
+    return new Error(`${context}: ${String(error)}`);
+  }
+}
+
+process.on("uncaughtException", async (error) => {
+  await removeLocalServiceRegistryRecord(devService.serviceKey);
+  const err = toError(error, "Uncaught exception in dev runner");
+  process.stderr.write(`${err.stack ?? err.message}\n`);
+  process.exit(1);
+});
+
+process.on("unhandledRejection", async (reason) => {
+  await removeLocalServiceRegistryRecord(devService.serviceKey);
+  const err = toError(reason, "Unhandled promise rejection in dev runner");
+  process.stderr.write(`${err.stack ?? err.message}\n`);
+  process.exit(1);
+});
+
+function formatPendingMigrationSummary(migrations: string[]) {
+  if (migrations.length === 0) return "none";
+  return migrations.length > 3
+    ? `${migrations.slice(0, 3).join(", ")} (+${migrations.length - 3} more)`
+    : migrations.join(", ");
+}
+
+function exitForSignal(signal: NodeJS.Signals) {
+  if (signal === "SIGINT") {
+    process.exit(130);
+  }
+  if (signal === "SIGTERM") {
+    process.exit(143);
+  }
+  process.exit(1);
+}
+
+function toRelativePath(absolutePath: string) {
+  return path.relative(repoRoot, absolutePath).split(path.sep).join("/");
+}
+
+function readSignature(absolutePath: string) {
+  const stats = statSync(absolutePath);
+  return `${Math.trunc(stats.mtimeMs)}:${stats.size}`;
+}
+
+function addFileToSnapshot(snapshot: Map<string, string>, absolutePath: string) {
+  const relativePath = toRelativePath(absolutePath);
+  if (ignoredRelativePaths.has(relativePath)) return;
+  if (!shouldTrackDevServerPath(relativePath)) return;
+  snapshot.set(relativePath, readSignature(absolutePath));
+}
+
+function walkDirectory(snapshot: Map<string, string>, absoluteDirectory: string) {
+  if (!existsSync(absoluteDirectory)) return;
+
+  for (const entry of readdirSync(absoluteDirectory, { withFileTypes: true })) {
+    if (ignoredDirectoryNames.has(entry.name)) continue;
+
+    const absolutePath = path.join(absoluteDirectory, entry.name);
+    if (entry.isDirectory()) {
+      walkDirectory(snapshot, absolutePath);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (entry.isFile() || entry.isSymbolicLink()) {
+      addFileToSnapshot(snapshot, absolutePath);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function collectWatchedSnapshot() {
+  const snapshot = new Map<string, string>();
+
+  for (const absoluteDirectory of watchedDirectories) {
+    walkDirectory(snapshot, absoluteDirectory);
+  }
+  for (const absoluteFile of watchedFiles) {
+    if (!existsSync(absoluteFile)) continue;
+    addFileToSnapshot(snapshot, absoluteFile);
+  }
+
+  return snapshot;
+}
+
+function diffSnapshots(previous: Map<string, string>, next: Map<string, string>) {
+  const changed = new Set<string>();
+
+  for (const [relativePath, signature] of next) {
+    if (previous.get(relativePath) !== signature) {
+      changed.add(relativePath);
+    }
+  }
+  for (const relativePath of previous.keys()) {
+    if (!next.has(relativePath)) {
+      changed.add(relativePath);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return [...changed].sort();
+}
+
+function ensureDevStatusDirectory() {
+  mkdirSync(path.dirname(devServerStatusFilePath), { recursive: true });
+}
+
+function writeDevServerStatus() {
+  if (mode !== "dev") return;
+
+  ensureDevStatusDirectory();
+  const changedPaths = [...dirtyPaths].sort();
+  writeFileSync(
+    devServerStatusFilePath,
+    `${JSON.stringify({
+      dirty: changedPaths.length > 0 || pendingMigrations.length > 0,
+      lastChangedAt,
+      changedPathCount: changedPaths.length,
+      changedPathsSample: changedPaths.slice(0, changedPathSampleLimit),
+      pendingMigrations,
+      lastRestartAt,
+    }, null, 2)}\n`,
+    "utf8",
+  );
+}
+
+function clearDevServerStatus() {
+  if (mode !== "dev") return;
+  rmSync(devServerStatusFilePath, { force: true });
+}
+
+async function updateDevServiceRecord(extra?: Record<string, unknown>) {
+  await writeLocalServiceRegistryRecord({
+    version: 1,
+    serviceKey: devService.serviceKey,
+    profileKind: "paperclip-dev",
+    serviceName: devService.serviceName,
+    command: "dev-runner.ts",
+    cwd: repoRoot,
+    envFingerprint: devService.envFingerprint,
+    port: serverPort,
+    url: `http://127.0.0.1:${serverPort}`,
+    pid: process.pid,
+    processGroupId: null,
+    provider: "local_process",
+    runtimeServiceId: null,
+    reuseKey: null,
+    startedAt: lastRestartAt ?? new Date().toISOString(),
+    lastSeenAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+    metadata: {
+      repoRoot,
+      mode,
+      childPid: child?.pid ?? null,
+      url: `http://127.0.0.1:${serverPort}`,
+      ...extra,
+    },
+  });
+}
+
+async function runPnpm(args: string[], options: {
+  stdio?: "inherit" | ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"];
+  env?: NodeJS.ProcessEnv;
+} = {}) {
+  return await new Promise<{ code: number; signal: NodeJS.Signals | null; stdout: string; stderr: string }>((resolve, reject) => {
+    const spawned = spawn(pnpmBin, args, {
+      stdio: options.stdio ?? ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"],
+      env: options.env ?? process.env,
+      shell: process.platform === "win32",
+    });
+
+    let stdoutBuffer = "";
+    let stderrBuffer = "";
+
+    if (spawned.stdout) {
+      spawned.stdout.on("data", (chunk) => {
+        stdoutBuffer += String(chunk);
+      });
+    }
+    if (spawned.stderr) {
+      spawned.stderr.on("data", (chunk) => {
+        stderrBuffer += String(chunk);
+      });
+    }
+
+    spawned.on("error", reject);
+    spawned.on("exit", (code, signal) => {
+      resolve({
+        code: code ?? 0,
+        signal,
+        stdout: stdoutBuffer,
+        stderr: stderrBuffer,
+      });
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+async function getMigrationStatusPayload() {
+  const status = await runPnpm(
+    ["--filter", "@paperclipai/db", "exec", "tsx", "src/migration-status.ts", "--json"],
+    { env },
+  );
+  if (status.code !== 0) {
+    process.stderr.write(
+      status.stderr ||
+        status.stdout ||
+        `[paperclip] Command failed with code ${status.code}: pnpm --filter @paperclipai/db exec tsx src/migration-status.ts --json\n`,
+    );
+    process.exit(status.code);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return JSON.parse(status.stdout.trim()) as { status?: string; pendingMigrations?: string[] };
+  } catch (error) {
+    process.stderr.write(
+      status.stderr ||
+        status.stdout ||
+        "[paperclip] migration-status returned invalid JSON payload\n",
+    );
+    throw toError(error, "Unable to parse migration-status JSON output");
+  }
+}
+
+async function refreshPendingMigrations() {
+  const payload = await getMigrationStatusPayload();
+  pendingMigrations =
+    payload.status === "needsMigrations" && Array.isArray(payload.pendingMigrations)
+      ? payload.pendingMigrations.filter((entry) => typeof entry === "string" && entry.trim().length > 0)
+      : [];
+  writeDevServerStatus();
+  return payload;
+}
+
+async function maybePreflightMigrations(options: { interactive?: boolean; autoApply?: boolean; exitOnDecline?: boolean } = {}) {
+  const interactive = options.interactive ?? mode === "watch";
+  const autoApply = options.autoApply ?? env.PAPERCLIP_MIGRATION_AUTO_APPLY === "true";
+  const exitOnDecline = options.exitOnDecline ?? mode === "watch";
+
+  const payload = await refreshPendingMigrations();
+  if (payload.status !== "needsMigrations" || pendingMigrations.length === 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  let shouldApply = autoApply;
+
+  if (!autoApply && interactive) {
+    if (!stdin.isTTY || !stdout.isTTY) {
+      shouldApply = true;
+    } else {
+      const prompt = createInterface({ input: stdin, output: stdout });
+      try {
+        const answer = (
+          await prompt.question(
+            `Apply pending migrations (${formatPendingMigrationSummary(pendingMigrations)}) now? (y/N): `,
+          )
+        )
+          .trim()
+          .toLowerCase();
+        shouldApply = answer === "y" || answer === "yes";
+      } finally {
+        prompt.close();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!shouldApply) {
+    if (exitOnDecline) {
+      process.stderr.write(
+        `[paperclip] Pending migrations detected (${formatPendingMigrationSummary(pendingMigrations)}). Refusing to start watch mode against a stale schema.\n`,
+      );
+      process.exit(1);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const migrate = spawn(pnpmBin, ["db:migrate"], {
+    stdio: "inherit",
+    env,
+    shell: process.platform === "win32",
+  });
+  const exit = await new Promise<{ code: number; signal: NodeJS.Signals | null }>((resolve) => {
+    migrate.on("exit", (code, signal) => resolve({ code: code ?? 0, signal }));
+  });
+  if (exit.signal) {
+    exitForSignal(exit.signal);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (exit.code !== 0) {
+    process.exit(exit.code);
+  }
+
+  await refreshPendingMigrations();
+}
+
+async function buildPluginSdk() {
+  console.log("[paperclip] building plugin sdk...");
+  const result = await runPnpm(
+    ["--filter", "@paperclipai/plugin-sdk", "build"],
+    { stdio: "inherit" },
+  );
+  if (result.signal) {
+    exitForSignal(result.signal);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (result.code !== 0) {
+    console.error("[paperclip] plugin sdk build failed");
+    process.exit(result.code);
+  }
+}
+
+async function markChildAsCurrent() {
+  previousSnapshot = collectWatchedSnapshot();
+  dirtyPaths = new Set();
+  lastChangedAt = null;
+  lastRestartAt = new Date().toISOString();
+  await refreshPendingMigrations();
+  await updateDevServiceRecord();
+}
+
+async function scanForBackendChanges() {
+  if (mode !== "dev" || scanInFlight || restartInFlight) return;
+  scanInFlight = true;
+  try {
+    const nextSnapshot = collectWatchedSnapshot();
+    const changed = diffSnapshots(previousSnapshot, nextSnapshot);
+    previousSnapshot = nextSnapshot;
+    if (changed.length === 0) return;
+
+    for (const relativePath of changed) {
+      dirtyPaths.add(relativePath);
+    }
+    lastChangedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+    await refreshPendingMigrations();
+  } finally {
+    scanInFlight = false;
+  }
+}
+
+async function getDevHealthPayload() {
+  const response = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${serverPort}/api/health`);
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    throw new Error(`Health request failed (${response.status})`);
+  }
+  return await response.json();
+}
+
+async function waitForChildExit() {
+  if (!childExitPromise) {
+    return { code: 0, signal: null };
+  }
+  return await childExitPromise;
+}
+
+async function stopChildForRestart() {
+  if (!child) return { code: 0, signal: null };
+  childExitWasExpected = true;
+  child.kill("SIGTERM");
+  const killTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+    if (child) {
+      child.kill("SIGKILL");
+    }
+  }, gracefulShutdownTimeoutMs);
+  try {
+    return await waitForChildExit();
+  } finally {
+    clearTimeout(killTimer);
+  }
+}
+
+async function startServerChild() {
+  await buildPluginSdk();
+
+  const serverScript = mode === "watch" ? "dev:watch" : "dev";
+  child = spawn(
+    pnpmBin,
+    ["--filter", "@paperclipai/server", serverScript, ...forwardedArgs],
+    { stdio: "inherit", env, shell: process.platform === "win32" },
+  );
+
+  childExitPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    child?.on("error", reject);
+    child?.on("exit", (code, signal) => {
+      const expected = childExitWasExpected;
+      childExitWasExpected = false;
+      child = null;
+      childExitPromise = null;
+      void touchLocalServiceRegistryRecord(devService.serviceKey, {
+        metadata: {
+          repoRoot,
+          mode,
+          childPid: null,
+          url: `http://127.0.0.1:${serverPort}`,
+        },
+      });
+      resolve({ code: code ?? 0, signal });
+
+      if (restartInFlight || expected || shuttingDown) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (signal) {
+        exitForSignal(signal);
+        return;
+      }
+      process.exit(code ?? 0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  await markChildAsCurrent();
+}
+
+async function maybeAutoRestartChild() {
+  if (mode !== "dev" || restartInFlight || !child) return;
+  if (dirtyPaths.size === 0 && pendingMigrations.length === 0) return;
+
+  restartInFlight = true;
+  let health: { devServer?: { enabled?: boolean; autoRestartEnabled?: boolean; activeRunCount?: number } } | null = null;
+  try {
+    health = await getDevHealthPayload();
+  } catch {
+    restartInFlight = false;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const devServer = health?.devServer;
+  if (!devServer?.enabled || devServer.autoRestartEnabled !== true) {
+    restartInFlight = false;
+    return;
+  }
+  if ((devServer.activeRunCount ?? 0) > 0) {
+    restartInFlight = false;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  try {
+    await maybePreflightMigrations({
+      autoApply: true,
+      interactive: false,
+      exitOnDecline: false,
+    });
+    await stopChildForRestart();
+    await startServerChild();
+  } catch (error) {
+    const err = toError(error, "Auto-restart failed");
+    process.stderr.write(`${err.stack ?? err.message}\n`);
+    process.exit(1);
+  } finally {
+    restartInFlight = false;
+  }
+}
+
+function installDevIntervals() {
+  if (mode !== "dev") return;
+
+  scanTimer = setInterval(() => {
+    void scanForBackendChanges();
+  }, scanIntervalMs);
+  autoRestartTimer = setInterval(() => {
+    void maybeAutoRestartChild();
+  }, autoRestartPollIntervalMs);
+}
+
+function clearDevIntervals() {
+  if (scanTimer) {
+    clearInterval(scanTimer);
+    scanTimer = null;
+  }
+  if (autoRestartTimer) {
+    clearInterval(autoRestartTimer);
+    autoRestartTimer = null;
+  }
+}
+
+async function shutdown(signal: NodeJS.Signals) {
+  if (shuttingDown) return;
+  shuttingDown = true;
+  clearDevIntervals();
+  clearDevServerStatus();
+  await removeLocalServiceRegistryRecord(devService.serviceKey);
+
+  if (!child) {
+    exitForSignal(signal);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  childExitWasExpected = true;
+  child.kill(signal);
+  const exit = await waitForChildExit();
+  if (exit.signal) {
+    exitForSignal(exit.signal);
+    return;
+  }
+  process.exit(exit.code ?? 0);
+}
+
+process.on("SIGINT", () => {
+  void shutdown("SIGINT");
+});
+process.on("SIGTERM", () => {
+  void shutdown("SIGTERM");
+});
+
+await maybePreflightMigrations();
+await startServerChild();
+installDevIntervals();
+
+if (mode === "watch") {
+  const exit = await waitForChildExit();
+  await removeLocalServiceRegistryRecord(devService.serviceKey);
+  if (exit.signal) {
+    exitForSignal(exit.signal);
+  }
+  process.exit(exit.code ?? 0);
+}
diff --git a/scripts/dev-service-profile.ts b/scripts/dev-service-profile.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9c129b34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/dev-service-profile.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
+import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { createLocalServiceKey } from "../server/src/services/local-service-supervisor.ts";
+
+export const repoRoot = path.resolve(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), "..");
+
+export function createDevServiceIdentity(input: {
+  mode: "watch" | "dev";
+  forwardedArgs: string[];
+  tailscaleAuth: boolean;
+  port: number;
+}) {
+  const envFingerprint = createHash("sha256")
+    .update(
+      JSON.stringify({
+        mode: input.mode,
+        forwardedArgs: input.forwardedArgs,
+        tailscaleAuth: input.tailscaleAuth,
+        port: input.port,
+      }),
+    )
+    .digest("hex");
+
+  const serviceName = input.mode === "watch" ? "paperclip-dev-watch" : "paperclip-dev-once";
+  const serviceKey = createLocalServiceKey({
+    profileKind: "paperclip-dev",
+    serviceName,
+    cwd: repoRoot,
+    command: "dev-runner.ts",
+    envFingerprint,
+    port: input.port,
+    scope: {
+      repoRoot,
+      mode: input.mode,
+    },
+  });
+
+  return {
+    serviceKey,
+    serviceName,
+    envFingerprint,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/scripts/dev-service.ts b/scripts/dev-service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..978607ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/dev-service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env -S node --import tsx
+import { listLocalServiceRegistryRecords, removeLocalServiceRegistryRecord, terminateLocalService } from "../server/src/services/local-service-supervisor.ts";
+import { repoRoot } from "./dev-service-profile.ts";
+
+function toDisplayLines(records: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof listLocalServiceRegistryRecords>>) {
+  return records.map((record) => {
+    const childPid = typeof record.metadata?.childPid === "number" ? ` child=${record.metadata.childPid}` : "";
+    const url = typeof record.metadata?.url === "string" ? ` url=${record.metadata.url}` : "";
+    return `${record.serviceName} pid=${record.pid}${childPid} cwd=${record.cwd}${url}`;
+  });
+}
+
+const command = process.argv[2] ?? "list";
+const records = await listLocalServiceRegistryRecords({
+  profileKind: "paperclip-dev",
+  metadata: { repoRoot },
+});
+
+if (command === "list") {
+  if (records.length === 0) {
+    console.log("No Paperclip dev services registered for this repo.");
+    process.exit(0);
+  }
+  for (const line of toDisplayLines(records)) {
+    console.log(line);
+  }
+  process.exit(0);
+}
+
+if (command === "stop") {
+  if (records.length === 0) {
+    console.log("No Paperclip dev services registered for this repo.");
+    process.exit(0);
+  }
+  for (const record of records) {
+    await terminateLocalService(record);
+    await removeLocalServiceRegistryRecord(record.serviceKey);
+    console.log(`Stopped ${record.serviceName} (pid ${record.pid})`);
+  }
+  process.exit(0);
+}
+
+console.error(`Unknown dev-service command: ${command}`);
+process.exit(1);
diff --git a/server/src/__tests__/workspace-runtime.test.ts b/server/src/__tests__/workspace-runtime.test.ts
index 6a55a72b..92be7642 100644
--- a/server/src/__tests__/workspace-runtime.test.ts
+++ b/server/src/__tests__/workspace-runtime.test.ts
@@ -1,25 +1,48 @@
 import { execFile } from "node:child_process";
+import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import os from "node:os";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { promisify } from "node:util";
-import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { afterAll, afterEach, beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+  agents,
+  companies,
+  createDb,
+  heartbeatRuns,
+  workspaceRuntimeServices,
+} from "@paperclipai/db";
+import { eq } from "drizzle-orm";
 import {
   cleanupExecutionWorkspaceArtifacts,
   ensureRuntimeServicesForRun,
   normalizeAdapterManagedRuntimeServices,
+  reconcilePersistedRuntimeServicesOnStartup,
   realizeExecutionWorkspace,
   releaseRuntimeServicesForRun,
+  resetRuntimeServicesForTests,
   stopRuntimeServicesForExecutionWorkspace,
   type RealizedExecutionWorkspace,
 } from "../services/workspace-runtime.ts";
 import { resolvePaperclipConfigPath } from "../paths.ts";
 import type { WorkspaceOperation } from "@paperclipai/shared";
 import type { WorkspaceOperationRecorder } from "../services/workspace-operations.ts";
+import {
+  getEmbeddedPostgresTestSupport,
+  startEmbeddedPostgresTestDatabase,
+} from "./helpers/embedded-postgres.js";
 
 const execFileAsync = promisify(execFile);
 const leasedRunIds = new Set<string>();
+const embeddedPostgresSupport = await getEmbeddedPostgresTestSupport();
+const describeEmbeddedPostgres = embeddedPostgresSupport.supported ? describe : describe.skip;
+
+if (!embeddedPostgresSupport.supported) {
+  console.warn(
+    `Skipping embedded Postgres workspace-runtime tests on this host: ${embeddedPostgresSupport.reason ?? "unsupported environment"}`,
+  );
+}
 
 async function runGit(cwd: string, args: string[]) {
   await execFileAsync("git", args, { cwd });
@@ -128,6 +151,7 @@ afterEach(async () => {
   delete process.env.PAPERCLIP_INSTANCE_ID;
   delete process.env.PAPERCLIP_WORKTREES_DIR;
   delete process.env.DATABASE_URL;
+  await resetRuntimeServicesForTests();
 });
 
 describe("realizeExecutionWorkspace", () => {
@@ -1028,6 +1052,135 @@ describe("ensureRuntimeServicesForRun", () => {
   });
 });
 
+describeEmbeddedPostgres("workspace runtime startup reconciliation", () => {
+  let db!: ReturnType<typeof createDb>;
+  let tempDb: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof startEmbeddedPostgresTestDatabase>> | null = null;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    tempDb = await startEmbeddedPostgresTestDatabase("paperclip-workspace-runtime-");
+    db = createDb(tempDb.connectionString);
+  }, 20_000);
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await tempDb?.cleanup();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    await db.delete(workspaceRuntimeServices);
+    await db.delete(heartbeatRuns);
+    await db.delete(agents);
+    await db.delete(companies);
+  });
+
+  it("adopts a live auto-port shared service after runtime state is reset", async () => {
+    const workspaceRoot = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "paperclip-runtime-reconcile-"));
+    const paperclipHome = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "paperclip-runtime-home-"));
+    process.env.PAPERCLIP_HOME = paperclipHome;
+    process.env.PAPERCLIP_INSTANCE_ID = `runtime-reconcile-${randomUUID()}`;
+
+    const companyId = randomUUID();
+    const agentId = randomUUID();
+    const runId = randomUUID();
+    const executionWorkspaceId = randomUUID();
+
+    await db.insert(companies).values({
+      id: companyId,
+      name: "Paperclip",
+      issuePrefix: `T${companyId.replace(/-/g, "").slice(0, 6).toUpperCase()}`,
+      requireBoardApprovalForNewAgents: false,
+    });
+    await db.insert(agents).values({
+      id: agentId,
+      companyId,
+      name: "Codex Coder",
+      role: "engineer",
+      status: "active",
+      adapterType: "codex_local",
+      adapterConfig: {},
+      runtimeConfig: {},
+      permissions: {},
+    });
+    await db.insert(heartbeatRuns).values({
+      id: runId,
+      companyId,
+      agentId,
+      invocationSource: "manual",
+      status: "running",
+      startedAt: new Date(),
+      updatedAt: new Date(),
+    });
+
+    const workspace = {
+      ...buildWorkspace(workspaceRoot),
+      projectId: null,
+      workspaceId: null,
+    };
+    leasedRunIds.add(runId);
+
+    const services = await ensureRuntimeServicesForRun({
+      db,
+      runId,
+      agent: {
+        id: agentId,
+        name: "Codex Coder",
+        companyId,
+      },
+      issue: null,
+      workspace,
+      config: {
+        workspaceRuntime: {
+          services: [
+            {
+              name: "web",
+              command:
+                "node -e \"require('node:http').createServer((req,res)=>res.end('ok')).listen(Number(process.env.PORT), '127.0.0.1')\"",
+              port: { type: "auto" },
+              readiness: {
+                type: "http",
+                urlTemplate: "http://127.0.0.1:{{port}}",
+                timeoutSec: 10,
+                intervalMs: 100,
+              },
+              lifecycle: "shared",
+              reuseScope: "agent",
+              stopPolicy: {
+                type: "manual",
+              },
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      },
+      adapterEnv: {},
+    });
+
+    expect(services).toHaveLength(1);
+    const service = services[0];
+    expect(service?.url).toMatch(/^http:\/\/127\.0\.0\.1:\d+$/);
+    await expect(fetch(service!.url!)).resolves.toMatchObject({ ok: true });
+
+    await resetRuntimeServicesForTests();
+
+    const result = await reconcilePersistedRuntimeServicesOnStartup(db);
+    expect(result).toMatchObject({ reconciled: 1, adopted: 1, stopped: 0 });
+
+    const persisted = await db
+      .select()
+      .from(workspaceRuntimeServices)
+      .where(eq(workspaceRuntimeServices.id, service!.id))
+      .then((rows) => rows[0] ?? null);
+    expect(persisted?.status).toBe("running");
+    expect(persisted?.providerRef).toMatch(/^\d+$/);
+
+    await stopRuntimeServicesForExecutionWorkspace({
+      db,
+      executionWorkspaceId,
+      workspaceCwd: workspace.cwd,
+    });
+
+    await expect(fetch(service!.url!)).rejects.toThrow();
+  });
+});
+
 describe("normalizeAdapterManagedRuntimeServices", () => {
   it("fills workspace defaults and derives stable ids for adapter-managed services", () => {
     const workspace = buildWorkspace("/tmp/project");
diff --git a/server/src/services/local-service-supervisor.ts b/server/src/services/local-service-supervisor.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..68dbbdc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/services/local-service-supervisor.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+import { execFile } from "node:child_process";
+import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
+import fs from "node:fs/promises";
+import path from "node:path";
+import { setTimeout as delay } from "node:timers/promises";
+import { promisify } from "node:util";
+import { resolvePaperclipInstanceRoot } from "../home-paths.js";
+
+const execFileAsync = promisify(execFile);
+
+export interface LocalServiceRegistryRecord {
+  version: 1;
+  serviceKey: string;
+  profileKind: string;
+  serviceName: string;
+  command: string;
+  cwd: string;
+  envFingerprint: string;
+  port: number | null;
+  url: string | null;
+  pid: number;
+  processGroupId: number | null;
+  provider: "local_process";
+  runtimeServiceId: string | null;
+  reuseKey: string | null;
+  startedAt: string;
+  lastSeenAt: string;
+  metadata: Record<string, unknown> | null;
+}
+
+export interface LocalServiceIdentityInput {
+  profileKind: string;
+  serviceName: string;
+  cwd: string;
+  command: string;
+  envFingerprint: string;
+  port: number | null;
+  scope: Record<string, unknown> | null;
+}
+
+function stableStringify(value: unknown): string {
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    return `[${value.map((entry) => stableStringify(entry)).join(",")}]`;
+  }
+  if (value && typeof value === "object") {
+    const rec = value as Record<string, unknown>;
+    return `{${Object.keys(rec).sort().map((key) => `${JSON.stringify(key)}:${stableStringify(rec[key])}`).join(",")}}`;
+  }
+  return JSON.stringify(value);
+}
+
+function sanitizeServiceKeySegment(value: string, fallback: string): string {
+  const normalized = value
+    .trim()
+    .toLowerCase()
+    .replace(/[^a-z0-9._-]+/g, "-")
+    .replace(/-+/g, "-")
+    .replace(/^-+|-+$/g, "");
+  return normalized || fallback;
+}
+
+function getRuntimeServicesDir() {
+  return path.resolve(resolvePaperclipInstanceRoot(), "runtime-services");
+}
+
+function getRuntimeServiceRegistryPath(serviceKey: string) {
+  return path.resolve(getRuntimeServicesDir(), `${serviceKey}.json`);
+}
+
+function normalizeRegistryRecord(raw: unknown): LocalServiceRegistryRecord | null {
+  if (!raw || typeof raw !== "object") return null;
+  const rec = raw as Record<string, unknown>;
+  if (
+    rec.version !== 1 ||
+    typeof rec.serviceKey !== "string" ||
+    typeof rec.profileKind !== "string" ||
+    typeof rec.serviceName !== "string" ||
+    typeof rec.command !== "string" ||
+    typeof rec.cwd !== "string" ||
+    typeof rec.envFingerprint !== "string" ||
+    typeof rec.pid !== "number"
+  ) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    version: 1,
+    serviceKey: rec.serviceKey,
+    profileKind: rec.profileKind,
+    serviceName: rec.serviceName,
+    command: rec.command,
+    cwd: rec.cwd,
+    envFingerprint: rec.envFingerprint,
+    port: typeof rec.port === "number" ? rec.port : null,
+    url: typeof rec.url === "string" ? rec.url : null,
+    pid: rec.pid,
+    processGroupId: typeof rec.processGroupId === "number" ? rec.processGroupId : null,
+    provider: "local_process",
+    runtimeServiceId: typeof rec.runtimeServiceId === "string" ? rec.runtimeServiceId : null,
+    reuseKey: typeof rec.reuseKey === "string" ? rec.reuseKey : null,
+    startedAt: typeof rec.startedAt === "string" ? rec.startedAt : new Date().toISOString(),
+    lastSeenAt: typeof rec.lastSeenAt === "string" ? rec.lastSeenAt : new Date().toISOString(),
+    metadata:
+      rec.metadata && typeof rec.metadata === "object" && !Array.isArray(rec.metadata)
+        ? (rec.metadata as Record<string, unknown>)
+        : null,
+  };
+}
+
+async function safeReadRegistryRecord(filePath: string) {
+  try {
+    const raw = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(filePath, "utf8")) as unknown;
+    return normalizeRegistryRecord(raw);
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+export function createLocalServiceKey(input: LocalServiceIdentityInput) {
+  const digest = createHash("sha256")
+    .update(
+      stableStringify({
+        profileKind: input.profileKind,
+        serviceName: input.serviceName,
+        cwd: path.resolve(input.cwd),
+        command: input.command,
+        envFingerprint: input.envFingerprint,
+        port: input.port,
+        scope: input.scope ?? null,
+      }),
+    )
+    .digest("hex")
+    .slice(0, 24);
+
+  return `${sanitizeServiceKeySegment(input.profileKind, "service")}-${sanitizeServiceKeySegment(input.serviceName, "service")}-${digest}`;
+}
+
+export async function writeLocalServiceRegistryRecord(record: LocalServiceRegistryRecord) {
+  await fs.mkdir(getRuntimeServicesDir(), { recursive: true });
+  await fs.writeFile(
+    getRuntimeServiceRegistryPath(record.serviceKey),
+    `${JSON.stringify(record, null, 2)}\n`,
+    "utf8",
+  );
+}
+
+export async function removeLocalServiceRegistryRecord(serviceKey: string) {
+  await fs.rm(getRuntimeServiceRegistryPath(serviceKey), { force: true });
+}
+
+export async function readLocalServiceRegistryRecord(serviceKey: string) {
+  return await safeReadRegistryRecord(getRuntimeServiceRegistryPath(serviceKey));
+}
+
+export async function listLocalServiceRegistryRecords(filter?: {
+  profileKind?: string;
+  metadata?: Record<string, unknown>;
+}) {
+  try {
+    const entries = await fs.readdir(getRuntimeServicesDir(), { withFileTypes: true });
+    const records = await Promise.all(
+      entries
+        .filter((entry) => entry.isFile() && entry.name.endsWith(".json"))
+        .map((entry) => safeReadRegistryRecord(path.resolve(getRuntimeServicesDir(), entry.name))),
+    );
+
+    return records
+      .filter((record): record is LocalServiceRegistryRecord => record !== null)
+      .filter((record) => {
+        if (filter?.profileKind && record.profileKind !== filter.profileKind) return false;
+        if (!filter?.metadata) return true;
+        return Object.entries(filter.metadata).every(([key, value]) => record.metadata?.[key] === value);
+      })
+      .sort((left, right) => left.serviceKey.localeCompare(right.serviceKey));
+  } catch {
+    return [];
+  }
+}
+
+export async function findLocalServiceRegistryRecordByRuntimeServiceId(input: {
+  runtimeServiceId: string;
+  profileKind?: string;
+}) {
+  const records = await listLocalServiceRegistryRecords(
+    input.profileKind ? { profileKind: input.profileKind } : undefined,
+  );
+  return records.find((record) => record.runtimeServiceId === input.runtimeServiceId) ?? null;
+}
+
+export function isPidAlive(pid: number) {
+  if (!Number.isInteger(pid) || pid <= 0) return false;
+  try {
+    process.kill(pid, 0);
+    return true;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+async function isLikelyMatchingCommand(record: LocalServiceRegistryRecord) {
+  if (process.platform === "win32") return true;
+  try {
+    const { stdout } = await execFileAsync("ps", ["-o", "command=", "-p", String(record.pid)]);
+    const commandLine = stdout.trim();
+    if (!commandLine) return false;
+    return commandLine.includes(record.command) || commandLine.includes(record.serviceName);
+  } catch {
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function findAdoptableLocalService(input: {
+  serviceKey: string;
+  command?: string | null;
+  cwd?: string | null;
+  envFingerprint?: string | null;
+  port?: number | null;
+}) {
+  const record = await readLocalServiceRegistryRecord(input.serviceKey);
+  if (!record) return null;
+
+  if (!isPidAlive(record.pid)) {
+    await removeLocalServiceRegistryRecord(input.serviceKey);
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (!(await isLikelyMatchingCommand(record))) {
+    await removeLocalServiceRegistryRecord(input.serviceKey);
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (input.command && record.command !== input.command) return null;
+  if (input.cwd && path.resolve(record.cwd) !== path.resolve(input.cwd)) return null;
+  if (input.envFingerprint && record.envFingerprint !== input.envFingerprint) return null;
+  if (input.port !== undefined && input.port !== null && record.port !== input.port) return null;
+  return record;
+}
+
+export async function touchLocalServiceRegistryRecord(
+  serviceKey: string,
+  patch?: Partial<Omit<LocalServiceRegistryRecord, "serviceKey" | "version">>,
+) {
+  const existing = await readLocalServiceRegistryRecord(serviceKey);
+  if (!existing) return null;
+  const next: LocalServiceRegistryRecord = {
+    ...existing,
+    ...patch,
+    version: 1,
+    serviceKey,
+    lastSeenAt: patch?.lastSeenAt ?? new Date().toISOString(),
+  };
+  await writeLocalServiceRegistryRecord(next);
+  return next;
+}
+
+export async function terminateLocalService(
+  record: Pick<LocalServiceRegistryRecord, "pid" | "processGroupId">,
+  opts?: { signal?: NodeJS.Signals; forceAfterMs?: number },
+) {
+  const signal = opts?.signal ?? "SIGTERM";
+  const targetProcessGroup = process.platform !== "win32" && record.processGroupId && record.processGroupId > 0;
+  try {
+    if (targetProcessGroup) {
+      process.kill(-record.processGroupId!, signal);
+    } else {
+      process.kill(record.pid, signal);
+    }
+  } catch {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const deadline = Date.now() + (opts?.forceAfterMs ?? 2_000);
+  while (Date.now() < deadline) {
+    if (!isPidAlive(record.pid)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    await delay(100);
+  }
+
+  if (!isPidAlive(record.pid)) return;
+  try {
+    if (targetProcessGroup) {
+      process.kill(-record.processGroupId!, "SIGKILL");
+    } else {
+      process.kill(record.pid, "SIGKILL");
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // Ignore cleanup races.
+  }
+}
+
+export async function readLocalServicePortOwner(port: number) {
+  if (!Number.isInteger(port) || port <= 0 || process.platform === "win32") return null;
+  try {
+    const { stdout } = await execFileAsync("lsof", ["-nPiTCP", `:${port}`, "-sTCP:LISTEN", "-t"]);
+    const firstPid = stdout
+      .split("\n")
+      .map((line) => Number.parseInt(line.trim(), 10))
+      .find((value) => Number.isInteger(value) && value > 0);
+    return firstPid ?? null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/server/src/services/workspace-runtime.ts b/server/src/services/workspace-runtime.ts
index 12375701..9991a66d 100644
--- a/server/src/services/workspace-runtime.ts
+++ b/server/src/services/workspace-runtime.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,16 @@ import { workspaceRuntimeServices } from "@paperclipai/db";
 import { and, desc, eq, inArray } from "drizzle-orm";
 import { asNumber, asString, parseObject, renderTemplate } from "../adapters/utils.js";
 import { resolveHomeAwarePath } from "../home-paths.js";
+import {
+  createLocalServiceKey,
+  findLocalServiceRegistryRecordByRuntimeServiceId,
+  findAdoptableLocalService,
+  readLocalServicePortOwner,
+  removeLocalServiceRegistryRecord,
+  terminateLocalService,
+  touchLocalServiceRegistryRecord,
+  writeLocalServiceRegistryRecord,
+} from "./local-service-supervisor.js";
 import type { WorkspaceOperationRecorder } from "./workspace-operations.js";
 
 export interface ExecutionWorkspaceInput {
@@ -77,12 +87,24 @@ interface RuntimeServiceRecord extends RuntimeServiceRef {
   leaseRunIds: Set<string>;
   idleTimer: ReturnType<typeof globalThis.setTimeout> | null;
   envFingerprint: string;
+  serviceKey: string;
+  profileKind: string;
+  processGroupId: number | null;
 }
 
 const runtimeServicesById = new Map<string, RuntimeServiceRecord>();
 const runtimeServicesByReuseKey = new Map<string, string>();
 const runtimeServiceLeasesByRun = new Map<string, string[]>();
 
+export async function resetRuntimeServicesForTests() {
+  for (const record of runtimeServicesById.values()) {
+    clearIdleTimer(record);
+  }
+  runtimeServicesById.clear();
+  runtimeServicesByReuseKey.clear();
+  runtimeServiceLeasesByRun.clear();
+}
+
 function stableStringify(value: unknown): string {
   if (Array.isArray(value)) {
     return `[${value.map((entry) => stableStringify(entry)).join(",")}]`;
@@ -1101,8 +1123,17 @@ async function startLocalRuntimeService(input: {
   if (!command) throw new Error(`Runtime service "${serviceName}" is missing command`);
   const serviceCwdTemplate = asString(input.service.cwd, ".");
   const portConfig = parseObject(input.service.port);
-  const port = asString(portConfig.type, "") === "auto" ? await allocatePort() : null;
   const envConfig = parseObject(input.service.env);
+  const envFingerprint = createHash("sha256").update(stableStringify(envConfig)).digest("hex");
+  const serviceIdentityFingerprint = input.reuseKey ?? envFingerprint;
+  const explicitPort = asNumber(portConfig.value, asNumber(input.service.port, 0));
+  const identityPort = explicitPort > 0 ? explicitPort : null;
+  const port =
+    asString(portConfig.type, "") === "auto"
+      ? await allocatePort()
+      : explicitPort > 0
+        ? explicitPort
+        : null;
   const templateData = buildTemplateData({
     workspace: input.workspace,
     agent: input.agent,
@@ -1124,6 +1155,80 @@ async function startLocalRuntimeService(input: {
     const portEnvKey = asString(portConfig.envKey, "PORT");
     env[portEnvKey] = String(port);
   }
+  const expose = parseObject(input.service.expose);
+  const readiness = parseObject(input.service.readiness);
+  const urlTemplate =
+    asString(expose.urlTemplate, "") ||
+    asString(readiness.urlTemplate, "");
+  const url = urlTemplate ? renderTemplate(urlTemplate, templateData) : null;
+  const stopPolicy = parseObject(input.service.stopPolicy);
+  const serviceKey = createLocalServiceKey({
+    profileKind: "workspace-runtime",
+    serviceName,
+    cwd: serviceCwd,
+    command,
+    envFingerprint: serviceIdentityFingerprint,
+    port: identityPort,
+    scope: {
+      scopeType: input.scopeType,
+      scopeId: input.scopeId,
+      executionWorkspaceId: input.executionWorkspaceId ?? null,
+      reuseKey: input.reuseKey,
+    },
+  });
+  const adoptedRecord = await findAdoptableLocalService({
+    serviceKey,
+    command,
+    cwd: serviceCwd,
+    envFingerprint: serviceIdentityFingerprint,
+    port: identityPort,
+  });
+  if (adoptedRecord) {
+    return {
+      id: adoptedRecord.runtimeServiceId ?? randomUUID(),
+      companyId: input.agent.companyId,
+      projectId: input.workspace.projectId,
+      projectWorkspaceId: input.workspace.workspaceId,
+      executionWorkspaceId: input.executionWorkspaceId ?? null,
+      issueId: input.issue?.id ?? null,
+      serviceName,
+      status: "running",
+      lifecycle,
+      scopeType: input.scopeType,
+      scopeId: input.scopeId,
+      reuseKey: input.reuseKey,
+      command,
+      cwd: serviceCwd,
+      port: adoptedRecord.port ?? port,
+      url: adoptedRecord.url ?? url,
+      provider: "local_process",
+      providerRef: String(adoptedRecord.pid),
+      ownerAgentId: input.agent.id,
+      startedByRunId: input.runId,
+      lastUsedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+      startedAt: adoptedRecord.startedAt,
+      stoppedAt: null,
+      stopPolicy,
+      healthStatus: "healthy",
+      reused: true,
+      db: input.db,
+      child: null,
+      leaseRunIds: new Set([input.runId]),
+      idleTimer: null,
+      envFingerprint,
+      serviceKey,
+      profileKind: "workspace-runtime",
+      processGroupId: adoptedRecord.processGroupId ?? null,
+    };
+  }
+  if (identityPort) {
+    const ownerPid = await readLocalServicePortOwner(identityPort);
+    if (ownerPid) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Runtime service "${serviceName}" could not start because port ${identityPort} is already in use by pid ${ownerPid}`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
   const shell = process.env.SHELL?.trim() || "/bin/sh";
   const child = spawn(shell, ["-lc", command], {
     cwd: serviceCwd,
@@ -1144,13 +1249,6 @@ async function startLocalRuntimeService(input: {
     if (input.onLog) await input.onLog("stderr", `[service:${serviceName}] ${text}`);
   });
 
-  const expose = parseObject(input.service.expose);
-  const readiness = parseObject(input.service.readiness);
-  const urlTemplate =
-    asString(expose.urlTemplate, "") ||
-    asString(readiness.urlTemplate, "");
-  const url = urlTemplate ? renderTemplate(urlTemplate, templateData) : null;
-
   try {
     await waitForReadiness({ service: input.service, url });
   } catch (err) {
@@ -1160,8 +1258,7 @@ async function startLocalRuntimeService(input: {
     );
   }
 
-  const envFingerprint = createHash("sha256").update(stableStringify(envConfig)).digest("hex");
-  return {
+  const record: RuntimeServiceRecord = {
     id: randomUUID(),
     companyId: input.agent.companyId,
     projectId: input.workspace.projectId,
@@ -1185,7 +1282,7 @@ async function startLocalRuntimeService(input: {
     lastUsedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
     startedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
     stoppedAt: null,
-    stopPolicy: parseObject(input.service.stopPolicy),
+    stopPolicy,
     healthStatus: "healthy",
     reused: false,
     db: input.db,
@@ -1193,7 +1290,41 @@ async function startLocalRuntimeService(input: {
     leaseRunIds: new Set([input.runId]),
     idleTimer: null,
     envFingerprint,
+    serviceKey,
+    profileKind: "workspace-runtime",
+    processGroupId: child.pid ?? null,
   };
+
+  if (child.pid) {
+    await writeLocalServiceRegistryRecord({
+      version: 1,
+      serviceKey,
+      profileKind: "workspace-runtime",
+      serviceName,
+      command,
+      cwd: serviceCwd,
+      envFingerprint: serviceIdentityFingerprint,
+      port,
+      url,
+      pid: child.pid,
+      processGroupId: child.pid,
+      provider: "local_process",
+      runtimeServiceId: record.id,
+      reuseKey: input.reuseKey,
+      startedAt: record.startedAt,
+      lastSeenAt: record.lastUsedAt,
+      metadata: {
+        projectId: record.projectId,
+        projectWorkspaceId: record.projectWorkspaceId,
+        executionWorkspaceId: record.executionWorkspaceId,
+        issueId: record.issueId,
+        scopeType: record.scopeType,
+        scopeId: record.scopeId,
+      },
+    });
+  }
+
+  return record;
 }
 
 function scheduleIdleStop(record: RuntimeServiceRecord) {
@@ -1215,11 +1346,20 @@ async function stopRuntimeService(serviceId: string) {
   record.stoppedAt = new Date().toISOString();
   if (record.child && record.child.pid) {
     terminateChildProcess(record.child);
+  } else if (record.providerRef) {
+    const pid = Number.parseInt(record.providerRef, 10);
+    if (Number.isInteger(pid) && pid > 0) {
+      await terminateLocalService({
+        pid,
+        processGroupId: record.processGroupId,
+      });
+    }
   }
   runtimeServicesById.delete(serviceId);
   if (record.reuseKey) {
     runtimeServicesByReuseKey.delete(record.reuseKey);
   }
+  await removeLocalServiceRegistryRecord(record.serviceKey);
   await persistRuntimeServiceRecord(record.db, record);
 }
 
@@ -1264,6 +1404,7 @@ function registerRuntimeService(db: Db | undefined, record: RuntimeServiceRecord
     if (current.reuseKey && runtimeServicesByReuseKey.get(current.reuseKey) === current.id) {
       runtimeServicesByReuseKey.delete(current.reuseKey);
     }
+    void removeLocalServiceRegistryRecord(current.serviceKey);
     void persistRuntimeServiceRecord(db, current);
   });
 }
@@ -1314,6 +1455,10 @@ export async function ensureRuntimeServicesForRun(input: {
           existing.lastUsedAt = new Date().toISOString();
           existing.stoppedAt = null;
           clearIdleTimer(existing);
+          void touchLocalServiceRegistryRecord(existing.serviceKey, {
+            runtimeServiceId: existing.id,
+            lastSeenAt: existing.lastUsedAt,
+          });
           await persistRuntimeServiceRecord(input.db, existing);
           acquiredServiceIds.push(existing.id);
           refs.push(toRuntimeServiceRef(existing, { reused: true }));
@@ -1426,8 +1571,8 @@ export async function listWorkspaceRuntimeServicesForProjectWorkspaces(
 }
 
 export async function reconcilePersistedRuntimeServicesOnStartup(db: Db) {
-  const staleRows = await db
-    .select({ id: workspaceRuntimeServices.id })
+  const rows = await db
+    .select()
     .from(workspaceRuntimeServices)
     .where(
       and(
@@ -1436,26 +1581,84 @@ export async function reconcilePersistedRuntimeServicesOnStartup(db: Db) {
       ),
     );
 
-  if (staleRows.length === 0) return { reconciled: 0 };
+  if (rows.length === 0) return { reconciled: 0, adopted: 0, stopped: 0 };
 
-  const now = new Date();
-  await db
-    .update(workspaceRuntimeServices)
-    .set({
-      status: "stopped",
-      healthStatus: "unknown",
-      stoppedAt: now,
-      lastUsedAt: now,
-      updatedAt: now,
-    })
-    .where(
-      and(
-        eq(workspaceRuntimeServices.provider, "local_process"),
-        inArray(workspaceRuntimeServices.status, ["starting", "running"]),
-      ),
-    );
+  let adopted = 0;
+  let stopped = 0;
+  for (const row of rows) {
+    const adoptedRecord = await findLocalServiceRegistryRecordByRuntimeServiceId({
+      runtimeServiceId: row.id,
+      profileKind: "workspace-runtime",
+    });
+    if (adoptedRecord) {
+      const record: RuntimeServiceRecord = {
+        id: row.id,
+        companyId: row.companyId,
+        projectId: row.projectId ?? null,
+        projectWorkspaceId: row.projectWorkspaceId ?? null,
+        executionWorkspaceId: row.executionWorkspaceId ?? null,
+        issueId: row.issueId ?? null,
+        serviceName: row.serviceName,
+        status: "running",
+        lifecycle: row.lifecycle as RuntimeServiceRecord["lifecycle"],
+        scopeType: row.scopeType as RuntimeServiceRecord["scopeType"],
+        scopeId: row.scopeId ?? null,
+        reuseKey: row.reuseKey ?? null,
+        command: row.command ?? null,
+        cwd: row.cwd ?? null,
+        port: adoptedRecord.port ?? row.port ?? null,
+        url: adoptedRecord.url ?? row.url ?? null,
+        provider: "local_process",
+        providerRef: String(adoptedRecord.pid),
+        ownerAgentId: row.ownerAgentId ?? null,
+        startedByRunId: row.startedByRunId ?? null,
+        lastUsedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+        startedAt: row.startedAt.toISOString(),
+        stoppedAt: null,
+        stopPolicy: (row.stopPolicy as Record<string, unknown> | null) ?? null,
+        healthStatus: "healthy",
+        reused: true,
+        db,
+        child: null,
+        leaseRunIds: new Set(),
+        idleTimer: null,
+        envFingerprint: row.reuseKey ?? "",
+        serviceKey: adoptedRecord.serviceKey,
+        profileKind: "workspace-runtime",
+        processGroupId: adoptedRecord.processGroupId ?? null,
+      };
+      registerRuntimeService(db, record);
+      await touchLocalServiceRegistryRecord(adoptedRecord.serviceKey, {
+        runtimeServiceId: row.id,
+        lastSeenAt: record.lastUsedAt,
+      });
+      await persistRuntimeServiceRecord(db, record);
+      adopted += 1;
+      continue;
+    }
 
-  return { reconciled: staleRows.length };
+    const now = new Date();
+    await db
+      .update(workspaceRuntimeServices)
+      .set({
+        status: "stopped",
+        healthStatus: "unknown",
+        stoppedAt: now,
+        lastUsedAt: now,
+        updatedAt: now,
+      })
+      .where(eq(workspaceRuntimeServices.id, row.id));
+    const registryRecord = await findLocalServiceRegistryRecordByRuntimeServiceId({
+      runtimeServiceId: row.id,
+      profileKind: "workspace-runtime",
+    });
+    if (registryRecord) {
+      await removeLocalServiceRegistryRecord(registryRecord.serviceKey);
+    }
+    stopped += 1;
+  }
+
+  return { reconciled: rows.length, adopted, stopped };
 }
 
 export async function persistAdapterManagedRuntimeServices(input: {